Cheminfostream

Overcoming the challenges to reducing animal experimentation through an Open Source community-based development of in silico methods

In a recent study by the European Chemical Bureau, it has been estimated that the new EU chemical legislation REACH will require 3.9 million additional test animals, if no alternative methods are accepted. The same study shows that it is possible to reduce the number of test animals significantly by utilizing existing experimental data in conjunction with (Quantitative) Structure Activity Relationship ((Q)SAR) models. Chronic and reproductive toxicity, in vivo mutagenicity and carcinogenicity are the endpoints that will require the largest number of test animals within REACH, because no alternative in vitro assays are currently available.

Recent (Q)SAR developments allow a much more accurate prediction of complex toxicological endpoints than a few years ago. This progress has been caused by (i) the development of improved (Q)SAR algorithms and (ii) by the availability of larger and  better curated public databases.

The routine application of these new generation models is however still rare, because

l  Toxicity data has been collected in a variety of different databases.

l  These databases use different formats, that are frequently not compatible with (Q)SAR programs

l  Many databases lack important information for (Q)SAR modeling (e.g. chemical structures)

l  It is hard to integrate confidential in-house data with public data for model building and validation

l  (Q)SAR models have been published in a variety of different formats (ranging from simple regression based equations to full-fledged computer programs)

l  There is no straightforward integration of predictions from various programs

l  There is no commonly accepted framework for the validation of (Q)SAR predictions and many (Q)SAR tools provide limited support for reliable validation procedures

l  The application, interpretation, and development of (Q)SAR models is still difficult for most toxicological experts. It requires a considerable amount of statistical, chemoinformatics and computer science expertise and the procedures are labor intensive and prone to human errors.

The overall objective of the FP7-funded OpenTox is to develop a framework, that provides a unified access to toxicity data, (Q)SAR models, procedures supporting validation and additional information that helps with the interpretation of (Q)SAR predictions. OpenTox will be accessible at three levels:

l  A simple and intuitive interface for toxicological experts, that provides unified access to (Q)SAR predictions, toxicological data, (Q)SAR models and supporting information

l  An expert interface for the streamlined development and validation of new (Q)SAR models

l  An application programming interface (API) for the development, integration and validation of new (Q)SAR algorithms

The OpenTox framework is being developed as an Open Source project to optimize the dissemination and impact, to allow the inspection and review of algorithms and to attract external contributors. Our approach is to closely collaborate with related projects (e.g. OECD QSAR toolbox, CADASTER, Leadscope’s ToxML development), industry users, developers and regulatory authorities to agree on common standards and to avoid duplicated and redundant work.

Do consider joining the OpenTox community effort through signing up on the website!

Blending meeting presentations with virtual community activity

Rich Apodaca made the suggestion to me that we should consider making presentations available from our face-to-face community of practice activities to the virtual.  We have actually taken this approach with eCheminfo and InnovationWell and both with virtual conferences and face-to-face meetings since we started the communities late 2003.  And I currently have a headache to solve - how can I combine such material into a useful community resource archive?

Another problem I have had is the level of effort required for such activity.  Technically we can do it but it takes time and resources.  Plus there is then editing and review.  And on top of that, there are all the complications on varying permissions that different participants may have for you.  At last's years Autumn meetings I just pulled back and went for the simpler solution of pdf file sharing through a wiki, as I could not deal with adding additional workload at that time.  Plus this kind of knowledge-sharing is usually mainly a cost rather than a revenue stream that can pay for the effort, and although there could be some possibilities there, it is not a major motivation for me to be spending my time on such a direction.

But tools are getting better and I am on the look out for what could be a better solution.  File sharing tools like box, video-sharing tools like youtube, widgets linking your presentations into LinkedIn or a Wetpaint wiki are all getting more user friendly.  But like U2's Bono I have not yet quite found what I am looking for.  Perhaps people have some suggestions to make?  Let me try some requirements for the solution:

- has content management and workflows for the content

- has self service for group members with permissions and review

- handles files, audio, video

- easy-to use live and playback multimedia editing and upload

- effective search over content including multimedia

- supports vocabulary, tagging

- works for variety of situations including face-to-face, virtual and blended

- supports user registration and profiles

- affordable

- usable

- Open Source would be nice

- interoperable with other collaboration and Web 2.0 tools so we can maintain context

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- And for the specific eCheminfo context, also adding interoperable cheminformatics capability would be very nice!

I recently posted some related thoughts on Context, Google Wave and Colayer on the Ferryman.

Welcome your suggestions!

eCheminfo Virtual Community Activities in Cheminformatics

When I started the eCheminfo community of practice in late 2003 we focused initially on using the approach of virtual conferencing and communications to get the community started.  More recently I have given more attention to developing face-to-face conference and workshop activity and initiating collaborative research. While on this journey it has been personally rewarding to have met and made contact with hundreds of scientists in the international community and to additionally be involved in supporting their networking, career development and research in drug design, discovery and modelling. It has also been rewarding to have just met so many great people and to have had the chance to interact with them, be it on a computer, in a workshop exercise, or on a punt trying to get down the river as we usually do when we are in Oxford.  So far we seem to be better on computer-based physics than boat physics!

And so I have come full circle and can see the need to prioritise the virtual community aspects of eCheminfo further again, to support the continuation of all these worthwhile interactions in the community.  So LinkedIn is one place to start.  I have been on there for some years and we have had a group area, but have not really done much with it.  It has primarily been useful for some introductions between people.  However recent feature additions for discussion, posting of news, job announcements etc. have been added, so it seems worthwhile to try using it more for supporting continuing interactions in the community.  So I am initiating today invitations to the eCheminfo community to join us there for discussion, news and networking on what is happening in the world of drug discovery informatics, cheminformatics, bioinformatics, etc.  Use of the group is intended for scientific and professional exchange purposes only.  As included in our mission we encourage cross-disciplinary cross-sector participation so from medicinal chemists in the pharmaceutical industry through toxicologists in government institutes through PhD students working on their modelling research problems are welcome!

To request joining the eCheminfo LinkedIn group please follow the following link and introduce yourself with a group joining request:

https://www.linkedin.com/e/gis/1173/77EB680070FF/

I also really welcome suggestions from the community there on what you would like to see as further developments in coming years!

Barry

Predictive ADME and Toxicology workshop in Oxford

For the first time we are holding a predictive ADME and Toxicology workshop in Oxford this summer.  It should be a valuable and rewarding experience that adds to our summer workshop activities there.  I believe we have a really good group of facilitators gathered that should make for an excellent working week. We will take a working, problem-solving approach to case study datasets throughout the week.

Here is the program as a pdf download:

Download ECheminfoADMETProgramOxford09

More detail on the program abstracts and schedule in the continuation below.

Barry

Computational Biology: Data Mining in Biomedical Research

Biomedical research, be it in the biopharmaceutical industry, academia or governmental laboratories, is becoming an information driven science. An enormous amount of data is either present in published literature and patents or being generated using high-throughput technologies (such as DNA sequencing, microarrays, genome-wide association, proteomics etc.). The resulting computational biology challenges currently involve the development of intelligent data mining methodologies for these high-dimensional data and the development of databases that facilitate the hosting and integration of these diverse data-sets. The computational advances being made in these areas are significantly impacting biomedical research ranging from fundamental biological findings that relate genes and environment to disease all the way to molecular biomarkers for drug efficacy or toxicity.

In our InnovationWell session chaired by Debraj GuhaThakurta (Rosetta Inpharmatics, Merck & Co.) taking place 14 October 2008 at Bryn Mawr, we have gathered a set of top researchers who have significant experience in the areas of data mining and integration. Presentation and discussion topics will include: molecular network reconstruction from genetically segregating populations (Paul McDonagh), the use of molecular networks for environmental risk assessment (Stephen Edwards), semantic web technologies for modeling biological pathways (Christopher Bouton), application of integrated genomics and genetics in pharmaceutical discovery (Debraj GuhaThakurta), and comparative genomics in drug discovery (James Brown).

A description of the session with presentation abstracts follows.  Please add your comments, discussion or questions at the end of the post.

Computational Biology

http://innovationwell.net/comty_confprogr08compbio

(Please follow continuation here to read abstracts.  Comments can be made at the end.)

PDB Ligands: Analysing their Structure and Binding Data

The mechanism of action of the majority of therapeutic small-molecule drugs is based on formation of a non-covalent complex with a protein binding site. In spite of the availability of thousands of crystal structures of such small-molecule ligands, important aspects of the ligand binding process are still poorly understood or at least controversially discussed. These range from fundamental biophysical aspects such as ligand conformational energies to practical aspects such as the chemical identity of the ligand 3D structure deposited in, and/or perceived from, the Protein Data Bank (PDB). A similar situation exists regarding binding data, in terms of availability as well as quality of the experimental data.

The following questions need to be addressed:
- What do we have in terms of 3D structural and binding data for ligands?
- Where are these data? How accessible, how interconnected are the databases containing them?
- To what use are these data being put? What have we learned about ligand energies?
- What are the problems, and what's still missing?
- Do we need to, and can we, annotate PDB ligands with a reliability and quality score?

Ideally, we need to build a consensus on some of these questions, or at least on how to approach them in a concerted effort in order to further our understanding of protein-ligand interactions.

On 16-17 October 2008 we will hold an eCheminfo Community of Practice conference session at Bryn Mawr College, Philadelphia to address these questions related to PDB Ligands.  The session will be chaired by Marc Nicklaus (National Institutes of Health) and includes a knowledgeable panel of speakers and discussion leaders including John Westbrook (Rutgers), Howard J Feldman (CCG, Canada), Igor V. Filippov (NCI), Raul Cachau (ATP, SAIC-Frederick), Vincent T. Moy (University of Miami), Fabrice Moriaud (MEDIT, France), Paul Hawkins (OpenEye), Yulia Borodina (NCBI), Gerhard Wolber (Inte:Ligand, Austria), Marc Nicklaus (NCI), James P. Snyder (Emory), Anne Chaka (NIST), Esther Kellenberger (University of Strasbourg, France), Jim Dunbar (University of Michigan), and Janna Wehrle (NIGMS). A description of the session with presentation abstracts follows:

PDB Ligands: Analysing their Structure and Binding Data

http://echeminfo.com/COMTY_confprog08pdbligands

(Please follow continuation here to read abstracts)

Program & Schedule for eCheminfo 08 Oxford Workshop Week

The program, abstracts and schedule for the 5 Day eCheminfo Hands-on Drug Discovery Workshop Week (21-25 July 2008) at the Medical Sciences Teaching Center, Oxford University, Oxford, UK is provided below. (follow continuation)

More Information is available at http://www.echeminfo.com/COMTY_training

To complete registration arrangements for the workshop, please contact Nicki.Douglas –(at)- douglasconnect.com, +41 61 851 0461

eCheminfo Autumn Community of Practice meeting 2007

The eCheminfo Autumn Community of Practice meeting will take place the week of October 15 at Bryn Mawr College, Philadelphia to discuss latest research applications, methods and best practices in drug discovery informatics, design and modelling.

The following conference sessions will be held:
16 October: Virtual Screening, chaired by Christopher Austin (NIH) and Ajay Jain (UCSF)
16 October: Structural Biology, chaired by Max Cummings (Tibotec Pharmaceuticals)
17 October: Structure-based Drug Design, chaired by Jose Duca (Schering-Plough)
17 October: Fragment-based Drug Discovery, chaired by Maria Kontoyianni (Crystax Pharmaceuticals)
18-19 October: Predictive ADME/Toxicology, chaired by Tony Hopfinger (University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy)

Additional workshop activity on virtual screening best practices, knowledge management in R&D and advances in predictive ADME and toxicology will also be held.

Conference speakers include:
Stephen Burley (SGX Pharmaceuticals), Georgia McGaughey (Merck), Charles Lesburg (Schering-Plough), Rick Beger (FDA), Marc Nicklaus (NIH), Woody Sherman (Schrodinger), Daniel Cheney (Bristol Myers Squibb), Paul Labute (Chemical Computing Group), Ajay Jain (UCSF), Alan Cheng (Amgen), Tony Hopfinger (University of New Mexico), Anthony Klon (Pharmacopeia Drug Discovery), Artem Cherkasov (University of British Columbia), Dennis Pelletier (Pfizer), Chaohong Sun (Abbott), Xavier Barril (University of Barcelona), Jose Duca (Schering-Plough), Terry Stouch (JCAMD), Natasja Brooijmans (Wyeth), Gerard Kleywegt (University of Uppsala), Vladimir Poroikov (Russian Academy of Sciences), Christoph Helma (in silico toxicology), Ann Richard (EPA), Judy Madden (Liverpool John Moores University), Julian Tirado-Rives (Yale), Heather Carlson (University of Michigan), Joseph Tomaszewski (NCI), Joseph Contrera (FDA), Christopher Austin (NIH), Jerome Hert (UCSF), Renate Sekul (Graffinity), Gunther Stahl (Tripos), John W Liebeschuetz (CCDC), Wilfried Langenaeker (Silicos), Zsolt Zsoldos (SimBioSys), Paul Hawkins (OpenEye Scientific Software), François Delfaud (MEDIT), Anatoly Ruvinsky (University of Kansas), Robin Taylor (CCDC), Eric Jamois (Strand Life Sciences), David Gilmour (Tacit), Alex Heiphetz (Delta L Training), Frank Guerino (TraverseIT), Salvatore Alesci (Wyeth), Darius Dziuda (CCSU), Laszlo Boros (Sidmap) Fred Cohen (Fast Track Systems), Alex Tropsha (UNC), Dimitris Agrafiotis, (Johnson & Johnson), Carl Elkin (Schering-Plough)

Poster Session
We will be running poster sessions in the evenings at the meeting with themes: knowledge management (Tuesday), drug design (Wednesday) and drug development and ADMET (Thursday). This option is available to all meeting attendees. Please send your abstract and biography of ca. 300-500 words each to eCheminfo -(at)- douglasconnect.com for approval.

Program Brochure:

Download eChemProgramBrynMawr07-web2.PDF

More information at http://echeminfo.com/COMTY_conferences

eCheminfo cheminformatics chemoinformatics bioinformatics Medicinal Chemistry Computational Chemistry Virtual Screening Docking Molecular Modelling Molecular Modeling pharmaceutical pharma meeting workshop training Oxford Critical Path toxicology Bursary Life Sciences Pharma Drug DiscoveryResearch and Development Drug Development Healthcare Innovation Knowledge Management events

Brochure for Autumn 2007 eCheminfo Cheminformatics Conference Available

The brochure for the eCheminfo Cheminformatics Conference is now available:

Latest Advances in Drug Discovery & Development
15-19 October 2007
Community of Practice Meeting, Autumn 2007
a joint InnovationWell and eCheminfo InterAction Meeting
Bryn Mawr College, Philadelphia
http://www.echeminfo.com/COMTY_conferences

Download the brochure as a pdf here:

Download eChemProgramBrynMawr07-web1.PDF

Look forward to seeing you there  - you will not find drug discovery informatics discussions to match these anywhere else in the world this year :)!!

Barry

eCheminfo InnovationWell cheminformatics chemoinformatics bioinformatics Medicinal Chemistry Computational Chemistry Virtual Screening ADME ADMET toxicology Molecular Modelling Molecular Modeling pharmaceutical pharma meeting workshop training Oxford Critical Path toxicology Bursary Life Sciences Pharma Drug Discovery Research and Development Drug Development Healthcare Innovation Knowledge Management events

Advancing Research and Best Practices in Predictive ADME and Toxicology

On the 17-19 October 2007 we will host a joint eCheminfo and InnovationWell Community of Practice Workshop and Forum at Bryn Mawr College, Philadelphia to discuss and advance best practices in predictive ADME and Toxicology, to develop best practices for comparison studies and validation, to review latest developments in method development and applications related to drug discovery and development, and to discuss the potential for collaborations between initiatives and international cooperation.

This conference, forum and workshop activity will consist of the following parts:

1. Workshops to discuss developments, challenges and  potential for collaborations. (afternoons of October 17-19).

2. Conference sessions on latest ADMET methods and application developments with presentations and panel discussions. (mornings of October 18 and 19)

3. Hands-on Workshop sessions with drug discovery informatics software (running during afternoons throughout week)

4. Evening Poster Sessions on latest modelling developments (evenings of October 17 and 18)

Workshop Facilitators
Joseph Tomaszewski (NCI), Artem Cherkasov (University of British Columbia), Dennis Pelletier (Pfizer), Richard Beger (FDA), Anthony Klon (Pharmacopeia Drug Discovery), Tony Hopfinger (University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy), Joseph Contrera (FDA), Christoph Helma (University of Freiburg and in silico toxicology), Vladimir Poroikov (Russian Academy of Sciences), Judith Madden (Liverpool John Moores University), Ann Richard (EPA)

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